The Difference Between Limiting And Strategic Factors

Name: Kavitha Devadoss Due Date: 01 Nov 2016 Assignment #: 03 Q1 - Problem-3: Contrast limiting and strategic factors. Solution: Limiting Factors: Factors that stand in the way of attaining objectives. Failure to follow the limiting factor may lead to poor decisions. Every business or a process model would face lot of limiting factors. For e.g. In a software lifecycle model, starting from planning stage till testing phase, the developers or the process analyst would face issues such as Inadequate process or product knowledge, Unskilled technicians or lack of knowledge expertise, Insufficient time to complete the task assigned, Budget and Financial concerns or issues for the clients, Location constraints (Onshore and offshore model), system or infrastructure dependability or issues, Resource management. Strategic Factors: Factors that can be altered to make progress possible As the definition above states, any factor which can be altered for a successful completion of a task, work or process are strategic factors or enabling factors. Considering the same software lifecycle scenario, for a lack of knowledge about the process and product, training can be provided to individuals to improvise their knowledge on process, therefore a task would be able to get complete in a time assigned Q2 - Problem-6: How do mathematical models directed to decision situations differ from those traditionally used in the physical sciences. Solution: The system being studied usually involvesShow MoreRelatedThe Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy603 Words   |  3 Pagesproduct or service, is emerging or mature, high tech or low tech, regulated or unregulated. 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Fertilizers Potassium and Compounds Free Essays

Creating a liquid fertilizer Experiment Chemistry 1065 10/09/2012 Introduction The aim of this experiment was to create a liquid fertilizer containing Nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus; each element had to have 8% mass percentage. We were also required to add an additional element, magnesium and it mass percentage had to be 1. 5%. We will write a custom essay sample on Fertilizers: Potassium and Compounds or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the end of the experiment, the pH of our aqueous solution had to be between 6. 0 and 7. 0. As a group we predicted that we could not successfully create the liquid fertilizer with the compounds we were provided with, because some of the compounds would create a precipitate if mixed. As a result we decided that it would be take further experimentation of trying different combination of these compounds on small scale to help us successfully create the required fertilizer. This experiment is important because it is necessary to make a plant fertilizer that is environment friendly and that provides various plants with the nutrients they need to grow. This experiment was interesting because gave us the chance to see get in the perspective of the scientists who constantly keep working towards making the best possible fertilizers for plants. Recent attempts by scientists of making the ‘ideal fertilizer have failed because either the fertilizer is not environment friendly or it increases the birth-rate of agricultural pests. In this lab, we created several compound combinations to try and match the compounds in the required fertilizer. Some of our combinations worked, but some failed. We made adjustments to the original information provided to us in order to meet the standards of the required liquid fertilizer, and as a group we tried our best to indicate such adjustments throughout our lab reports so that the reader can be more informed about the experiment we did. . Experimental Because our prediction was that some of the provided compounds would not for an aqueous solution, we decided to try out some combinations on small scale to see how they reacted. The compounds we needed for these combinations were: Potassium carbonate, trisodium phosphate, potassium nitrate, ammonium carbonate, sodium phosphate, and sodium nitrate. We also needed some water to dissolve these compounds in. In order to perform a solubility test on the provided compounds we obtained a well plate, a spatula to add the solid compounds into the well plate, a beaker full of distilled water, a pipette to add water into the well plates containing two different compounds, and a stirring rod to stir the mixture. First using a spatula we took a small amount of K2CO3 and put in one of the wells on the well plate. Then we took a small sample of Na3PO4 and put it in the same well. Using a pipette we took 3ml of distilled water from the beaker and added it into the well containing K2CO3 and Na3PO4. The using a stirring rod, we continuously stirred the solution for 1 minute and we observed. Then we took small samples of K2Co3 and NH4Co3 and put them in a second well on the well plate. Then we added 3ml of water using a pipette. Using a stirring rod, we mixed the solution continuously for about a minute. Next we took small samples of NaNO3 and NaPO3 and put them in a third well on the well plate. We added some water using a pipette and stirred up the solution. Then we took samples of NaPO3 and KNO3 and put them in a fourth well in the well plate. We added 3 ml of water, stirred the solution and observed. Next we took samples of Na2PO3, K2CO3 and NaNO3 and put them in a fifth well. We added 3ml of water, constantly stirred the solution and observed. We then took samples of Na2PO3, K2CO3 and NaNO3 and put them in a sixth well plate. Then we added 3ml of water and constantly stirred the solution for a minute and observed. Through eliminating solutions that formed a precipitate we chose the solution containing, Na2PO3, K2CO3 and NaNO3 as the solution that could potentially be our liquid fertilizer because it contained nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ions. Because we needed nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to each have an 8% mass percentage in relation to the total solution, we calculated how much of each compound we needed so that the three required elements could have 8% mass percentage each in 10g of H2O. We calculate the amount of each compound needed by first figuring it in moles and then we converted it to grams. We replaced Na2PO3 with Na3PO4 because Na2PO3 was unavailable. After calculating how much of each compound we needed to make our fertilizer, we decided that we needed a beaker, a scale, weighing paper, pH probe, graduated cylinder, stirring rod, Magnesium and H2SO4 to neutralize our solution at the end. We started by weighing out 4. 23481g of Na3PO4, 0. 707g of K2CO3, and 5. 8221g NaNO3. Then we poured the weighed compounds into a beaker. We then measured 10ml of distilled water using a graduated cylinder. We then poured the 10ml water into the beaker containing our three compounds. Using a stirring rod we stirred the mixture for about three minutes. The compounds did not dissolve in water because the ratio of the compounds to the water could not allow the compounds to completely dissolve in the water. With instructions from our T. A we decided to divide the amount of all the compounds by 10. The new amounts of the compounds were: 0. 423481g of Na3PO4, 0. 0707g of K2CO3, and 0. 58221g NaNO3. We then weighed out these new amounts of compounds. We poured them into a new beaker and added 10 ml water. Using a stirring rod, we continuously stirred the solution until the compounds were completely dissolved. Next we got a pH probe to measure the pH of our solution. The pH of our solution needed to be between 6. 0 and 7. 0. We connected the loggerpro software to a laptop and we the pH collected was 12. 43. Since our fertilizer solution was a base we decided to neutralize it using an acid. The acid we chose to use was H2SO4. Using a pipette we added drops of H2SO4 to our fertilizer solution as we monitored the pH of our solution. It took 2. 4ml of H2SO4 to bring the pH of our liquid fertilizer to 6. 75. To make our liquid fertilizer complete we were required to add an additional element, magnesium such that it had a 5% mass percentage. We chose to use the compound magnesium nitrate because it contains a magnesium ion. We calculated that in order for magnesium to have a 5% mass percentage in the solution we needed 3. 05g of Mg (NO3)2. But because we had divided the other compounds in the solution by ten earlier, we had to divide the amount of Mg (NO3)2 paste to keep the same ratio. So after dividing the amount of magnesium needed by 10 we resulted with 0. 305g of Mg. We then weighed 0. 305g of Mg (NO3)2 on a scale and the poured it into the beaker containing our aqueous solution. Using a stirring rod we stirred up the solution until the Mg (NO3)2 was completely dissolved. We then finished the experiment by measuring the final pH of our solution which was 6. 7. Results Data 1 Compounds added to 10ml of water| Observations| KNO3 NaPO3| When we mixed these two compounds in water, they formed a cloudy solution which turned clear after a while. There was some compound left at the bottom of the beaker and this was due to experimental error. | K2CO3 NH4CO3| When we mixed these two compounds, they formed a cloudy mixture. One of the compounds looked suspended which meant it did not dissolve. | NaNO3 K2CO3| When we mixed these two compounds, they both dissolved in the water although there was some compound particles left at the bottom of the beaker which was due to experimental error. | NaNO3 NaPO3| When we mixed these two compounds, they formed a precipitate. NaPO3 KNO3| When we mixed these two compounds, they did not dissolve in water, they formed a precipitate| Na2PO3, K2CO3 NaNO3| When we mixed these three compounds in water, the completely dissolved| Data 2 Substance added to 10 ml of water| Observation| 4. 234g Na3PO4, 0. 707g K2CO3, and 5. 8221g NaNO3| Did not dissolve in water. The amount ratio of compounds was too big to dissolve. | 0. 423481g Na3PO4, 0. 0707g K2CO3, and 0. 58221g NaNO3| Completely dissolved in wa ter and the pH of the resulting solution was 12. 3| 1 ml H2SO4| pH of solution dropped to 11. 14| 2ml H2SO4| pH of solution dropped to 7. 45| 2. 4ml H2SO4| pH dropped to 6. 7| 0. 03052 g Mg(NO3)2| Completely dissolved in water and the pH stayed at 6. 7| Calculations Amount of compounds needed. Note: We divided the final amount of the compound needed by 10 so that it would dissolve in water. What we need: 10g ? 8%= 0. 8 g N, 0. 8g P, 0. 8g K Element| Calculations| Amount of compound so that element has 8% mass percentage| Amount of compound so that element has 0. 8% mass percentage| Nitrogen| 0. g N3- ? (1 mol N2 / 14. 01g/mol N2)= 0. 057mol N20. 57mol N3- ? (101. 96 g/mol NaNO3) | 5. 8221g NaNo3| 0. 5221g NaNo3 | Potassium| 0. 4g K2+ ? (1 mol K2+ / 78. 2g/mol K)= 0. 005115 mol K2+0. 005115 mol K2+ ? (138. 21 g/mol K2CO3) | . 707 g K2CO3 | 0. 0707g K2CO3| Phosphorus| 0. 8g P3- ? (1 mol P3-/30. 97g/mol P)= 0. 02583mol P3-0. 02583mol P3- ? (163. 94g/mol Na3PO4)| 4. 23481g Na3Po4| 0. 04 23481g Na3Po4| Note: We used 0. 4g of Potassium because there are 2 potassium ions in K2CO3 How to cite Fertilizers: Potassium and Compounds, Essay examples

Workplace Strategy Proposal Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Are The External And Internal Driving And Restraining Forces For Change? How Have You Assessed The Risks? What Are The Weaknesses And Threats Of Your Strategy? What Are The Strengths And Opportunities Presented By Your Strategy? What Specific Strategies Or Actions Will Deal With The Specific Challenges Of Your Plan? What Is Your Time-Line? Do Some Strategies Have To Be Implemented Before Others? What Are The Clear Roles And Responsibilities Of Individuals And Groups? Answers: Introducation Workplace strategies are developed with the view of generating changes in the organization to achieve further success or to counter present failure. Every strategy should have a certain audience or group (Chu et al. 2016). Located in Bunbury region, (WA), Total Chemicals is a chemical company of medium size. Founded by George Smith, this company used to generate strain of vaccination which are proved to be effective in treating whopping cough in cows. George Smith strengthened research and development activities of the company in order to explore suitable and cost effective raw materials for the vaccination. Next leaders failed to maintain the standard George initiated in the company and presently concentrating on chemical products closely associated with agricultural goods and industrial solvents adhesives. Profit margin of this company is falling gradually even with the considerable hike on the sales of the products. 700 employees work in this company, while 52% of this workforce are with the company for more than 15 years of time. Employees of this company are close linked with the two active unions, namely, Australian Workers Union (AWU) and Association of Professional Engineers, Scientists and Managers, Australia (APESMA). Australia's oldest and largest trade union Australian Workers Union represents workers of different fields and segments, like, manufacturing, agriculture, plastics and chemicals, state public services, local government, construction, health, hospitality, aquaculture, events etc. Manufacturing opportunities are currently moving overseas; hence employment done on the basis of contracts through AWU now-a-days. As the largest non-profit organization of Australia, Association of Professional Engineers, Scientists and Managers, Australia is representing more than 25000 workers. They play an important role in the employment of middle to high level workers in different industries. Considering the downturn of the company, the current board of directors has chosen Mr Black as the new CEO of the organization by replacing Mr. White. Mr. Black and his management team come up with new radical ideas with an aim to increase the productivity of the organization. Presently, they are running far below than their other competitors in the market. Growing pressure of the environmental authorities is creating obligations of flexible production with huge environment taxes and regulations (Dechezleprtre and Sato, 2017). Their market in Asia is quite more flexible than Australian market due to lack of environmental legislations there. Management, by intervening situations, put their focus on maintaining or increasing company's productivity along with the introduction of cost effective strategies with a view of profit maximization. Productivity plans of Mr. Black and his management team are generating stress among the board of members. In the same way, they are also concerned ab out the future of the organization. They made an effort to analyse the effectiveness of Mr. Black's radical planning strategy in the development of the organization. As per the requirement of this assignment, 'Management-union cooperation in Workplace' perspective has been nominated. Chosen Perspective: Management-union cooperation in Workplace: Mr. Grey, a workplace relations consultant, has been appointed by the board of directors. Board of directors are intending to introduce a plan which not necessarily causes disruption in the organization (Currie et al. 2016). That is why, they are depending on the consultancy of Mr. Grey in helping them to come out of this hazardous situation. Mr. Grey explores several facts and has started analysing facts to prepare an effective strategy for the development of Total Chemicals. Mr. Grey should consider the position of the management, workers and unions in the development of the organization. Background of the organization are closely connected with different social, economic, environmental and political factors of the nation. Mr. Grey should be able interpret the influences of those factors in the development of the organization. History of failure of the organization should be studied to understand how the profit margin of the organization decreased with time (Dobbins and Dundon, 201 6). Strategies of George Smith should also be considered in this regard. Identify your strategys goal and specific outcomes After exploring the performance and background of the organization, Mr. Grey has started to frame strategy proposal for the organization. He identifies the goals of this strategy in regard to the development of the organization. Partially keeping some of the strategies of Mr. Black, Mr. Grey offers a plan with slight modification. He seconded the technological planning of Mr. Black. He emphasizes on developing a inspection unit by engaging numbers of experienced workers of the organization (Grant, 2016). This group will be responsible for the selection of raw materials. He opposed the redundancy program of Mr. Black, as this can cause unrest incidences among the workforce. Instead of cutting jobs, he suggests to reduce the amount of bonus and other production costs. Strategys goal: To achieve 6% profit margin in next 3 years To make Total Chemicals a better workplace for the workers and other stakeholders To encourage joint participation of management and union; take decisions harmoniously To introduce new research and development plan to assess new source of opportunities Outcome of this strategy involves ultimate involvement of the management and unions (McCormack and Johnson, 2016). Organizational workforce should accept the strategy in order to make out desired outcome from it. Appropriate action plan should be framed to utilize the strategy. Outcome is nothing but the product of plans and performances. There are different potential external and internal driving forces influencing changes in the organization. In order to facilitate change, new strategy should be able control the influences of these factors (Leonidou et al. 2017). Industrial relations system: Industrial relations involve the interests and contribution of management, unions, workers, board of directors, competitors, suppliers, customers and etc in the development of the organization (Johnston and Marshall, 2016). Strategy should be able to meet the needs of all. Practice of ethical codes of conduct is necessary in addressing the needs of the stakeholders. Industry: The plastic and chemical industry of Australia has a promising and sustainable future. It employs almost 83000 people across the Australia. Different supply chains, research activities are related with this industry. It supplies their products health care, educational, technological and other organizations. This industry holds 10% share of Australia's manufacturing activities. So, there is potential scope for Total Chemicals if they are implementing properly strategies and planning. Alternative employment: Alternative employment involves the concepts of part time workers, seasonal workers, contractual workers etc ((Leonidou et al. 2016). It also states the overtime arrangements of the organization in increasing the productivity of the organization and decreasing the production costs as well. Workforce of an organization is most important resources. Management should understand their importance in the development of the organization. Community: Australian Workers Union and Association of Professional Engineers, Scientists and Managers, Australia (APESMA) are two important and effective community connected with the workforces of the organization. Apart from these two, various informal communities come into existence as per the needs and scarcities of the workers. These communities have strong networks and can be utilized in the development of the organization. Different communities work for the interests of their own (Johnston and Marshall, 2016). Government: Total Chemicals should work according to laws and legislations of the nation. Illegal and unethical practices can be detrimental to the development of the organization. Strategies should be match the environmental regulations of the nation (Leonidou et al. 2017). In Australia, local government plays an important role in controlling the activities of the organizations. Management of Total Chemicals should consider the responses of local government in this regard. Risks are assessed through understanding the seriousness of this situation in the organization (Thakor, 2016). Mr. Grey identifies risks while exploring several avenues of his strategy. Grey initiates discussion with management staffs, board of directors, workers to understand different issues and interests present in the organization. Potential risks are as follows- Technological advancements risks Production risks Financial risks Clash between union and management Relevant predictions should be made to counter the influence of risks in the development of the organization. Not cutting the jobs of the employees of the organization, can be considered as biggest weaknesses of this strategy. Redundancy program, though not useful for the employees, is quite beneficial to cut the production costs of the organization in the time of crisis (Torabi et al. 2016). Organization should think about an effective way to maintain the costs of these employees. This strategy fails to provide concrete solutions that how this organization will be able to maintain its product cost. Secondly, this strategy fails to consider the negative influences of union in the production process of the organization. Potential strengths and opportunities associated with this strategy are as follow- Technological advancements can be considered as one of the most potential strengths of this strategy. It can reduce the hazardous incidences of accidents in the organization (Chaves, 2016). It can facilitate smooth and timely production and can achieve both employee and customer satisfaction by earning satisfactory profit margin for the organization. Cancelation of the Redundancy plans can ensure the loyalty of the workers towards the organization. It can reduce the influences of unions among the decisions of the workers. Introduction of research and development activities can be considered another strength of this strategy (Svensson et al. 2016). Research and development activities are closely connected with the foundation of the organization. This special touch may help the organization to reach its previous height. Introduction of Inspection group may prove to beneficial to the development of the organization (Chaves, 2016). Employees may enjoy this new role and become motivated towards the activities of the organization. Technological implementation may cause incidences of unrest in the organization (Al Shobaki et al. 2017). Employees of the organization use outdated machineries in the production process of the organization. These machines are slow and inefficient in production. But employees are well accustomed with the use of those outdated machines. They may oppose this advancement programs by withdrawing their co-operation. Unions may play a manipulating role in influencing the behaviour of the employees in the organization. In this condition, loyalty of the employees may save the situation. The emphasis given on the human resources of the organization can act positively in this regard. Trainings should provided by the organization to help them to adopt new technological advancements (Wieland et al. 2017). Employee counselling tool can be very much effective to mould responses of the employees in a productive way. Harmonious co-operation between management and unions will reduce the cases of grie vances in the organization. Profit target adopted in this strategy will keep the management and employees motivated in imparting best performance in the organization. Strategy covers the period of three years. In these three years, Total Chemicals needs to prepare itself for better achievements. Big target periods can be divided into short term goals to make it goal oriented and effective (Csaszar and Levinthal, 2016). Short term goals and related actions should be assessed and evaluated by responsible authorities. New strategies are born from the ideas of old ones. Strategies of George Smith, Mr. White and Mr. Black have been utilized to develop a new one. Mr. Grey does not discard all the plans of Mr. Black as some of them are effective and beneficial to the development of the organization. Research and development activities, initiated by George Smith led the foundation of the organization. Contribution and strategies of old CEOs helped the organization to survive and sustain in different times. New strategy should consider the relevancies of all in the implementation of new strategy. Resources needed for the implementation of the strategy developed by Mr. Grey are as follows- Human Resources: Different kinds of workforces are required to work according to the strategies of Mr. Grey (Reiche et al. 2016). Inspectors are needed to inspect the quality of the raw materials going to be used in the production process of the organization. Technological resources: New advanced machineries should be there to match the requirement of the strategy. Organization should provide trainings to help the employees to adopt new technologies. Knowledge Resources: Board of directors and management team should explore relevant knowledge to act more effectively with the new strategy of the organization. Financial Resources: Organization should be able to convince their financial partners to rely upon their strategies and to support them with financial aids (Reiche et al. 2016). Agreements with the stakeholders are also crucial in this regard. Community Resources: Organization also require local community resources in the implementation of strategic planning. Support and approval of local government is vital in this regard. Individuals and groups related to the strategic planning of the organization are follows- Board of Directors: Strategic decision making, research and development initiatives, developing networks, providing secure and pleasant working atmosphere to the employees of the organization (Dawson, 2017) Management Team: Planning, organizing, controlling, evaluating, implementing in the organizational context and to facilitate development, providing secure and pleasant working atmosphere to the employees of the organization Unions: Taking care of the interests of the employees and preventing the incidences of discrimination, Generating peaceful working atmosphere (Dawson, 2017) Chemical Engineers: Facilitating technological changes in the organization, providing training to the staff members of the organization Production managers and supervisors: Imparting the roles and responsibilities of strategic planning and Concentrating on self assessment and self development (Dawson, 2017) Inspectors: Inspecting the quality of the raw materials and final goods of the organization Labourers: Following the orders of the production managers and supervisors under the rules and regulation of the organization. References: Al Shobaki, M.J., Amuna, Y.M.A. and Naser, S.S.A., 2017. Strategic and Operational Planning As Approach for Crises Management Field Study on UNRWA. Chaves, M.G.F., 2016. Improving Management Students' Skills in Framing" Thought-Provoking Questions": An Action Research.International Journal of Business and Information,11(1), p.27. Chu, A.H.Y., Ng, S.H.X., Tan, C.S., Win, A.M., Koh, D. and Mller?Riemenschneider, F., 2016. A systematic review and meta?analysis of workplace intervention strategies to reduce sedentary time in white?collar workers.Obesity Reviews,17(5), pp.467-481. Csaszar, F.A. and Levinthal, D.A., 2016. Mental representation and the discovery of new strategies.Strategic Management Journal,37(10), pp.2031-2049. Currie, D., Gormley, T., Roche, B. and Teague, P., 2016. The management of workplace conflict: Contrasting pathways in the HRM literature.International Journal of Management Reviews. Dawson, D., 2017. Measuring Individuals Virtues in Business.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-13. Dechezleprtre, A. and Sato, M., 2017. The impacts of environmental regulations on competitiveness.Review of Environmental Economics and Policy,11(2), pp.183-206. Dobbins, T. and Dundon, T., 2016. Workplace Cooperation at Aughinish Alumina. InDeveloping Positive Employment Relations(pp. 229-247). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Johnston, M.W. and Marshall, G.W., 2016.Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Leonidou, L.C., Christodoulides, P. and Thwaites, D., 2016. External Determinants and Financial Outcomes of an Eco?friendly Orientation in Smaller Manufacturing Firms.Journal of Small Business Management,54(1), pp.5-25. Leonidou, L.C., Christodoulides, P., Kyrgidou, L.P. and Palihawadana, D., 2017. Internal drivers and performance consequences of small firm green business strategy: the moderating role of external forces.Journal of Business Ethics,140(3), pp.585-606. McCormack, K.P. and Johnson, W.C., 2016.Supply chain networks and business process orientation: advanced strategies and best practices. CRC Press. Reiche, B.S., Mendenhall, M.E. and Stahl, G.K. eds., 2016.Readings and cases in international human resource management. Taylor Francis. Svensson, G., Hgevold, N.M., Petzer, D., Padin, C., Ferro, C., Klopper, H.B., Sosa Varela, J.C. and Wagner, B., 2016. Framing stakeholder considerations and business sustainability efforts: a construct, its dimensions and items.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,31(2), pp.287-300. Thakor, A.V., 2016. The highs and the lows: a theory of credit risk assessment and pricing through the business cycle.Journal of Financial Intermediation,25, pp.1-29. Torabi, S.A., Giahi, R. and Sahebjamnia, N., 2016. An enhanced risk assessment framework for business continuity management systems.Safety science,89, pp.201-218. Wieland, H., Hartmann, N.N. and Vargo, S.L., 2017. Business models as service strategy.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, pp.1-19.

Socrates Essays - Socratic Dialogues, Dialogues Of Plato, Socrates

Socrates While reading Plato's Meno, Euthyphro, apology, and Crito, it became apparent that Socrates held very strong beliefs about the relationship between law and morality. Socrates makes it clear about the reasons laws should be or not be followed. He also clarifies his stand on why laws should be followed and why disobedience to the law is rarely justified. Socrates views humanity in the context that anybody is capable of wrongdoing. He continues with the elaboration that even returning an injury upon oneself is wrong. Socrates then makes a connection between the city and morality. If one is acting without the city's allowance, one is doing wrong toward the city and it's laws. Behaving wrongly towards the people is also doing wrong against the city. The wrongdoing would become a way of destroying the cities laws, and hurting citizens in the process. Socrates compares this relationship to that of how a child should not cause harm to his parents. By doing so you disrespect the laws within the city. Causing harm to your father would lead to conviction; further illustrating the fact that wrong against the law is a wrong against everybody who abides by that law. Socrates follows this by examining what each citizen is taught. From birth you are told to obey laws. You were brought to life from your mother and father and thus you should respect and obey the rules that they do. But the cities laws were there before you mother and father, and are therefor equally if not more important than the laws of your mother and father. The city's law should be respected at least as equally as one's parents should. Socrates then goes on to explain that you do not have the same rights as your parents. Because they have taught what is right and wrong, it is immoral to treat your parents as they treat you. Your parents must have a higher position than you because they taught you. This thought is then extended to the city with the quote ?One must obey the commands of one's city and country, or persuade it as to the nature of justice. It is impious to bring violence to bear against your mother or father, it is much more so to use it against you country.? (Crito, 46) One should obey your parents, but more important is the city. Because the city was that which has taught your ancestors and your parents, it must be superior to them. The cities laws being superior to your mother or father, should be respected and followed. Socrates explains his thoughts of the city and its rules as the nature of life. We were welcomed into the world by the city so it is immoral to fight against it. The laws should be ac cepted and followed. But one should not obey a law just because it is a law. What is moral has been taught to us by our parents, and to them from the city. It is their opinion that will tell us if our actions are moral or not. However, one aspect of the city and its laws is that you are not forced to do as it dictates. As Socrates explains, you have two options, to obey the law or not. But in regards to Socrates opinion, it is not another's opinion to decide what is right and wrong for us. But just as children argue with their parents, one doesn't have to do everything that he is told to. It is an immoral life to follow others opinions about morality. From Euthyphro Socrates opinion on how disobedience can be justified is shown. When Euthyhro accuses his father of murder, he states ?I say that the pious to do what I am doing now, to prosecute the wrongdoer, be it about murder or temple robbery or anything else, whether the wrongdoer is your father or your mother or anyone else; not to prosecute is impious.? (Euthyphro, 22) In this case, Socrates is defending himself. He doesn't believe in all the God's ideas and is justifying his opinion. He has similar thoughts about morality when he states ?I find it hard to accept things like that being said about the

Managerial Skills Consulting

Managerial Skills Consulting Introduction At a time when globalization and consumerism patterns have turned out to be the determining forces in the market, mergers and acquisitions among organizations are very critical in maintaining market capitalization, sustainability and subsequent development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managerial Skills: Consulting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consultants on mergers agree almost unanimously that the merging of companies is an important process that provides organizations with massive benefits. From the study on mergers and acquisitions, Gurkov’s recommendations appear to cohere with those of other authors who indicate that the new entity easily reduces the non-constructive competition.1 This paper presents a critical review of consulting opportunities in mergers and acquisitions with a focus on a Russian energy producer and oil company called Lukoil Oil Company. A brief overview of Lukoil O il Company Lukoil Oil Company is one of the major Russian energy producing companies that generates, explores and markets oil and gas within Russia, the United States and Europe. The company is privately owned and has a significant refining capacity. Its shares are listed in the New York’s OTC market (LUKOY), London (LKOD), Micex (LKOH) and RTS (LKOH) in Russia. It is headquartered in Moscow with operations in over 40 countries across the world. Filippov indicates that the company was founded in 1991 as a result of a merger among Kogalymneftegaz, Urayneftegaz and Langepasneftegaz.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since its inception, Lukoil has been selling petrol in over forty countries globally and in 59 regions within Russia.2 In 2009, the company had improved its reserves to about 9.3 trillion cubic feet of gas and 14.5 billion barrels of oil. Figure 1: A diagram showing oil product sales by Lukoil Company Lukoil Company has focused its major operations in Russia with several international expansions in zerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Colombia and Saudi Arabia. Its production of oil as well as its sales has been growing since the year 2000. However, it has been faced by stiffer competition from other oil producers such as Exxon-Mobil. A merger is therefore an opportunity that will improve its efficiency, provide it with resources and information systems necessary for competitiveness in the global market arena. Figure 2: A diagram showing oil production by Lukoil Company Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managerial Skills: Consulting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consulting opportunities-mergers and acquisitions Gurkov indicates that consultancy is a very critical aspect that involves acquiring and sharing information and knowledge that is very fundamental for b usiness growth and development.3 Due to the fast-changing business environment in Russia, top-level managers in oil companies with special emphasis on Lukoil are seeking consultancy services with an intention of aiding their businesses devise better strategies of overcoming organizational uncertainties. This clearly indicates the enormous awareness among organizations on the need for change and intervene professional on business matters.4 It is worth noting that identifying consulting opportunities play pivotal role in the contemporary Lukoil business environment as it identifies opportunities for operational improvement services, strategy development, technology implementation, development of coaching skills and management of change. This is because it brings frameworks and proprietary methodologies which aid in identifying problems within a business and which serve as foundations and component parts for recommending efficient and effective methods of carrying out business activiti es. According to Sarah and Day, the need for mergers by Lukoil is based on the holistic need to formulate a common unit which guides its operations through assimilation of common objectives.5 A matrix structure is therefore critical and should be assimilated to harmonize the regional and as well as the functional core commonalities amidst the emerging competitors.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Benefits of forming mergers and acquisitions Since its formation, Gurkov credits the progress of the merger of Kogalymneftegaz, Urayneftegaz and Langepasneftegaz to the strategic management assimilated by the group company after 1991.6 As the role of the committee of its managing directors shifted from planning to orient the future of the company with the different outsets, Gurkov argues that there was need to harmonize Lukoil’s operations to reflect the key objectives of the organization. Merging with other companies will be critical in achieving the harmonization among other factors mentioned below. Diversification and value consideration The effect of merging with other strong companies will give its management a stronger grip and confidence towards approaching the fuel exploration outlook and marketing. There is need for Lukoil to articulate its goals from a common standpoint. Besides, Gurkov indicates that coming together in a merger further creates a room for an expande d visionary orientation for the company.7 A merger can be considered as a critical platform for addressing petroleum exploration and its marketing on a global scale. Therefore, the efficacy of its operations through mergers will be enhanced and this will also provide it with an opportunity to venture into other products such as natural gas, plastics and real estate operations. Resources consolidation One key evident aspect in the operations of Lukoil company is the emphasis on resource consolidation. According to Sarah and Day, the ability of any organization to evaluate and create an avenue for resource consolidation is vital for success to be achieved.8 Though it is clear that Lukoil’s operations can easily flourish due to the highly reduced level of competition, it is possible to view the extra hidden potential that could be harnessed by merging. Through mergers, it will be easier to team up and fully utilize the newly opened markets while increasing its supplies to meet t he different insatiable demands many countries have for oil and gas products. Furthermore, the essence of the resources consolidation is the inherent ability to participate competitively in all countries. According to Sarah and Day, resource consolidation will anchor its easy entry into new markets either through exploration or in marketing its products in Europe and the United States. Stages of consulting Consulting is a process that requires setting up stages which will ensure client satisfaction and success in business endeavors. In pursuing the massive opportunities which are presented by mergers and acquisition, consulting on key facets is important in guaranteeing success. Some of the key consulting phases that should be explored include: Entry and contracting Entry and contracting is an important phase in a project since it largely deals with a client. Filippov indicates that this phase is critical in the sense that it enables an independent business owner or company to deal diametrically and precisely with a potential client.9 Some of the key tasks that entry and contracting encompass include figuring and setting initial starters and specifying expectations. The latter is important for understanding various expectations that a client has. This is imperative since it sets a benchmark for determining the success of the other stages and whether or not one is the right consultant. Besides, entry and contracting is a stage where a consultant explores the problem a business is facing, and which in most cases is diagnosed in the first meeting. One of the advantages of the initial phase is the fact that it builds a working relationship. According to Filippov, the latter is very critical in creating an understanding of a business expectations and needs. It also aids a consultant in clarifying what a business ought to expect.10 Filippov posits that while this is a crucial step, it is affected by lack of good perspectives and mutual willingness by businesses to i nvest and work together. As noted earlier in the case of Lukoil company’s merger plans, it may be impossible to achieve the diverse benefits in the absence of mutual trust. Data collection and diagnosis Sarah and Day indicate that while exploring the problems facing a business is carried out in the first stage, a consultant out to come up with situations relating to a particular sense of problem.11 Gustov concurs with Sarah and Day by noting that creating a sense of problem is critical in adding value. Consultants are therefore charged with the role of determining how to define a problem. This involves collection of data and diagnosing relevant problems. The methods to be used in collecting data as well as the nature and type of data to be collected are very important variables that must be observed keenly. One of the major opportunities of data collection and diagnosis is the ability to gather enough information on various business experiences. This can be through methodolog ies such as impact/effort, brainstorming, SWOT analysis, force field analysis, meta-planning and focus group interviews. One such experience as discussed earlier is on mergers and acquisitions. The information obtained is necessary in making critical analysis and relevant contributions. However, this process is normally affected by the inability of a company to avail, share and discuss information freely. Feedback and decision The data assembled on the opportunities presented by mergers and acquisitions present the diverse views stakeholders have on the issue. A project owner in an organization is presented with the analysis of the information from feedback which seeks to create a deeper understanding of the problem. Filippov indicates that feedback in consultations or any study is critical in identifying the context of an issue, its causes and consequences.12 In terms of forming mergers and acquisitions, feedback is important in determining performance issues and or challenges that the move may have on a business. Mergers and acquisitions have been known to strengthen businesses especially in cases where operation risks are extremely high for a single business entity to withstand. Feedback and diagnosis is normally faced with the challenge of impacting on a business process. Filippov indicates that different managers or teams react to feedback in diverse ways. Besides, instances of rejection or resistance to projects are commonplace. Training on how to handle both negative and positive feedback is critical in ensuring mutual understanding and that various challenges are effectively tackled. Implementation Deciding the way forward after a diagnosis is important in developing problem solving processes and devising possible action strategies. Some of the most common methods include being creative and innovative when dealing with issues and re-contracting responsibilities, roles and actions. As the name suggests, this stage is mainly for organizations to carry ou t. However, consultants may be involved in ensuring the success of efforts. The challenges facing implementation is lack of required resources, commitments and desire for change. Recycle, extension or termination Finally, after evaluating the issues concerned, decisions are made to terminate the project or extend it. According to Filippov, the latter may follow an implementation process whereby the real picture of an issue is seen. The success of an implementation may call for recycling and creation of new projects while moderate to high failure may call for termination.13 This process is important in determining viable and legitimate consultation practices as well as providing learning experiences. Conclusions To sum up, managerial skills are important leadership requirements that are critical in combining capacity, expertise and knowledge in specific areas of operations. As noted in the discussions, consulting is one of the key areas where a business can be able to obtain relevant information and assistance on business projects. The paper explored Lukoil company and noted that it should merge with others in order to improve its overall performance, expand its products and compete favorably in the already competitive global market arena. Bibliography Gurkov, I, Strategy techniques for the times of high uncertainty, Journal for East European Management Studies, vol. 15, no. 2, 2010, pp. 177-186. Filippov, S, Russian companies: the rise of new multinationals, International Journal of Emerging Markets, vol. 5, no. 3, 2010, pp. 307-332. Sarah, EAD M, Day, Leadership, administrative heritage and absorptive capacity, Leadership Organization Development Journal, vol. 28, no. 8, 2007, pp. 727- 748. Footnotes 1 I Gurkov, Strategy techniques for the times of high uncertainty, Journal for East European Management Studies, vol. 15, no. 2, 2010, pp. 177-186. 2 S Filippov Russian companies: the rise of new multinationals, International Journal of Emerging Markets, vol. 5 , no. 3, 2010, pp. 307-332. 3 Gurkov p. 177 4 Ibid 5 EAD Sarah M Day Leadership, administrative heritage and absorptive capacity, Leadership Organization Development Journal, vol. 28, no. 8, 2007, pp. 727-748. 6 Gurkov p. 179 7 Ibid 8 Sarah and Day p. 730 9 Filippov p. 310 10 Ibid p. 312 11 Sarah and Day p.740 12 Filippov p. 312 13 Ibid p. 312

Community Health Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Community Health Nursing - Essay Example Parish nurse links faith and health care to advocate ministry and this includes preaching in addition to healing people. School nurses are those who are based in academes who attend to the medical needs of students and school employees. I would ask them to coordinate with their local health professionals and seek to advise on how to properly take care of their health such as practicing good sanitation, eating right, exercising regularly, etc. Young children and senior citizens are typically vulnerable to communicable diseases because their immune system is weak. But with the spread of HIV, perfectly healthy people are also vulnerable. For young people, I would always advise them to practice good hygiene and sanitation not only with their bodies but with their surroundings as well to prevent the transfer of communicable diseases. With regard to HIV, I would advise people to wear protection during sex. Active immunity is the immunity that develops after giving the primary immune response which is the exposure to live pathogen and development of symptoms. The cells that are produced by active immunity is the antibodies themselves. Passive immunity is the form of immunity that a person gets by getting immunization such as folio vaccine whereby the antitoxin or antibodies are injected into the person. Primary prevention involves the avoidance of contraction and/or transmission of diseases. They could be done through a set of preventative measures such as practicing good personal hygiene and sanitation, receiving vaccines etch. Secondary prevention includes the early detection of diseases so that prompt intervention may be administered to control the disease and minimize illness and deaths. This could be done through screening, etch.

An analysis of macroeconomic and industry conditions of woolworths Essay

An analysis of macroeconomic and industry conditions of woolworths - Essay Example ASX reveals the details of Woolworths and Wesfarmers in the competitive market. It is a financial market exchange that offers services such as listings clearing, settlement, and trading across a wide range of asset classes. Woolworths is a retail chain store that deals with food merchandise. On the other hand, Wesfarmers is a company that deals with retail operations covering food merchandise, supermarkets, specialty department stores, liquor and fuel outlets, office and home supplies etc (Mankiw, 2003). A set of factors largely influence how companies, for instance Woolworths and Wesfarmers, will operate. These factors determine whether or not a particular company will meet its mission as well as realise its vision. The Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement (ANZCERTA) is a pact that combines Australia and New Zealand. Woolworths strives to meet the needs of its large market of customers in both countries. This is made simpler due to the fact that political stability is experienced in both countries. Political stability is a crucial factor in development. Economic factors are quite advantageous to Woolworths considering that Australia and New Zealand show economic stability. Based on gross domestic product, Australia and New Zealand are ranked 10th and 30th respectively the by International Monetary Fund (Mankiw, 2003). Customers are loyal to companies that meet their individual desires. These desires include preference for organic products over inorganic ones. These socio-cultural factors influence the companies’ strategies as they also desire to fully tap into the market. The purchasing power of the customers is good due to the economic stability that fuels the high standard of living. In addition, legal and regulatory factors such as policies favour the retail industry in Australia. It is these factors that make Woolworths a huge beneficiary. However,