The Cold Blood and The Outsider

The Cold Blood and The Outsider The Cold Blood and The Outsider Introduction Writers of novels intend to create notable understanding about matters that are important to them or to their views as an individual. It could not be denied that somehow, this truth is defined through the creation of improved facts that are presented by writers through the artistic use of words and sentences that direct the readers towards the main message that they are intending to create and send to their target audience. Basically, the writers pick their topics, create their themes and manage the plot according to what they actually want to portray through the stories. In this discussion, an analysis of two stories that denotes the creation of scenarios based on fiction and true events in life shall be handled in an aim of showing how the said story authors intended to make a good sense of what they know and put matters into perfect writing that could insist on the possibility of making implicative notes on how the readers could be able to see the deeper meaning of each presentation that they make through the plot. Along with this, considering that both the readings being analyzed are based on criminal themes, the psychoanalytic criticism shall also be given attention to in connection with the issue being considered as the main focus of the writers in assuming the position of their characters in facing the difficulties of living and making a good sense out of the most important creation of their bein g. About the Outsider The Outsider which was authored by Albert Camus uses a character that is able to withstand human emotions. The character was noted to be an existentialist, is posed as someone who is not bothered of the past and cares only about whats present. It could be noted that within this story, an indicative understanding of what a person cares about and what he does not care about fills the personality that he has towards the others. It seemed like as if Camus intended to present human living to be a careless state of understanding that simply relates to the need of making mandating considerations away from the current emotional standing of a person. The idea is that the process of thinking dictates the way one reacts to the things that he has done or would be doing still. With the use of creative presentation of the plot and the standing of the main character in reacting to the current situations that he has been under from his past towards the events that he is dealing with at present, the author was able to separate the understanding of the main character towards his emotional decisions at present which are not in any way related to the ways by which he reacted before in connection with the same situation. Making a great deal of what a person thinks and how one reacts to the different situations in life makes this story a read that presents a more in depth relation to how humans sometimes respond to crime due to the lesser care that they have on what has happened in the past and how those past events could still be fixed through doing good today. What has been done has been done; yes, some individuals who are careless about the consequences of what they are doing and how these could affect the future are usually the ones who are less able to manifest any reprimand on themselves when they are asked to look back to their past and simply create solutions to the wrong doings that they may have incurred before. About the Story In Cold Blood Based on real events that happened in the mid n1960s, it could not be denied that the setting of the story is presented in a way that the society lived their lives before. The event taken into account within this story is the murder case that involves two criminals and the whole family that they targeted even when they were still in prison. The author presented the situation in a manner that introduced a major consideration on how the role of the major character has been released for understanding on the part of the readers. This story practically evolved on the occurrence of a murder that the two main characters have been involved with. However, instead of creating a mystery presentation, the narration intended to show the different reasons behind the occurrence of matters. It could not be denied that it is because of this that the story explains better understanding of the sources of the crime than simply stating how the crime happened. Through a psychological presentation on the relationship that the main characters have between each other, it could be seen how the different operations of identifying why the matters occurred the way they deed explains the reaction of both characters towards the situations that they are facing. Through the presentation of details used in this story, it could be noted how the author managed to show the different elements of crime and how the different positions of criminals have been intended for reader understanding. Likely, through this the author was able to tell the readers of his message in a more convincing and logical presentation of the issues concerned within the plot and the characters that creates the whole event that mandates the different issues that are involved the different situations that are considerably affective on the events that are managed to bring about the explanation of the events. Understanding the Issues of Personality and Growth The level of growth of every individual defines his or her personality. The development that one embraces with regards his or her reaction towards the major situations that he manages to deal with actually show through the way that he responds to the challenges of life. In psychology, this development is considered as the major source of understanding that considers the chance of making a good impact on how one develops personally as an individual who knows how to balance his emotions with his thoughts. On the other hand, there are still those individuals who are less able to make a definite response to the situations that they face. Sometimes, these individuals lack the understanding that they need to be able to turn things around for the betterment of the situation for the sake of the progress of each person. Most of those individuals who are handling the different challenges that life itself presents fail to see the better results of the situations based on the possible outcome of these challenges on their personal lives. Because of the lack of positive approach to dealing with personal issues, these people release their stress and their repercussions in a more negative way due to the lack of logical reasoning that they have towards the situations that they are facing every day. Within the stories being analyzed, it could be noted that the development of the main characters have been practically affected by their past, their personality and their understanding of life. Practically, through this understanding it could be noticed that there are different reactions that are essential for the differential identification of the character of one person based on the procedure of realization that he accepts as he manages to consider the different manifestation of learning with regards the experiences that they have probably met with in life. Through these lessons learnt, it could be noticed that they are able to develop an understanding of their position as they try their best to become the person that they want to be as they deal with their present issues. However, when negativity and lack of understanding is given particular attention to, it could not be denied that negative results could also be expected. This is especially true when the analysis on the major issues surrounding the characters of the past two stories examined herein is concerned. In the following section of this discussion, an understanding of the different psychoanalytic principles that had been used by the authors within the story shall be given attention herein. The Involvement of Psychoanalytic Criticism Psychoanalytic criticism involves the identification of the psychological consideration that the story tellers take into account to describe the personality of their characters and the process by which they handle the most important issues in their life as part of their development. Believably, with the consideration of the standing that they have in connection with their past actions and how they are supposed to handle the same challenges at present. On the first story considering Meursault, it could be noticed that his character was defined to have some differential understanding of the past and how these events in his life affects his current realization of matters. It could be noted then that somehow, through this Mersault was seen to have a lesser concern on how his past acts affected the people who were living around him. Hence, he never learns from these experiences and then tends to repeat these acts in his current systems of dealing with matters. On the other hand, the two criminals in the story The Cold Blood, responded to their partners actions based on the relationship that they have shared in the past. In the same place, both individuals used their emotional relationship as key reasons to push their partner towards doing what they think should be done. The effect of each on the other created the circumstances that they have been involved with in connection with the development of the case. Truthfully, it is through this that the different issues on human personality and the reactions that they have towards the circumstances that they need to deal with everyday. Practically, it could be observed that they have based their consideration in the current push of their emotions and less attention towards the current situations that they are dealing with. With this lesser care given to the consequences of their acts, it could be managed and well understood that somehow, the characters were defined perfectly with their personal concern only to the different motivations that pushed them to do what they want to do. In Conclusion Indeed, as the main focus for both the stories discussed within this analysis, human decisions and actions are dominantly based on the psychological standing and the emotional background of each individual. Though other people expresses objection to the action of some, their decision is likewise based on the psychological background and personality cultivated to their personal exploration in life. In the same context, the development and the exposed environment bring about and significantly affect the holistic judgment standard and personality complex of every individual making their present actions as mere results of said concept. In further discussion, the present action of every person can also be identified as the physical repercussion of their previous activity and psychological exposure in life cultivating the current state of what they can be perceived in. Like the characters explored in both stories discussed herein, the rationale for their actions lies dominantly on their psychological background and personal identity bringing forth the individuals who are capable of committing such events and catalysts for the resulting situation of the stories. In line with these matters, both the stories of The Outsider and The Cold Blood are effective explorative novels of such humanistic view of human judgment and action. The deeds committed by the main characters vividly explored and presented in both stories are products of their respective psychological characteristics influenced by their personal background, activities, and emotional factors they are exposed with. With the cultivation of these ingredients and the triggering event in present, they reached in through such decisions and performed such actions wherein they themselves are held accountable. Indeed, the only rationale and justification that could be given for every individuals action lies dominantly, in accordance to the humanistic view of the society, in the mind of the person reaching as far as their psychological identity, previous actions in life, exposed circumstances, and the emotional they have dealt with and endured in the past. This in its very essence is that factual concept that makes every individual a human being in their own respective standing.

You Know You Want Online Prep - Is Tutoring For You

You Know You Want Online Prep - Is Tutoring For You SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve decided that you want to do online test prep for the SAT or ACT. Congratulations! You're already ahead of many students in the test prep game/process. The question now becomes: Do you opt for tutoring as well?

Management status Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management status - Essay Example This therefore implies that it is important to make sure that the workforce is satisfied and relating well with one another. A workforce that is well motivated, working as a team, and has a good working environment are all ingredients required for success of any business. It is upon the management to build of any business to ensure that there is team work I the organization, and that the workforce is motivated. In building employee motivation there is need for the management to create a strong foundation that should act as the main driving force of the employees. Building a foundation involves revisiting the organization’s mission, vision and objectives. It is important to make sure that all employees are fully aware of the organization’s vision, mission, and objectives. This is important since it gives a guideline on what the organization as a whole is working towards. Additionally, knowledge of the mission, vision, and objectives is important for employees to make a self-assessment to determine if they are in correspondence with individual career goals and aspirations. Correspondence of individual career goals with goals of the organization brings a sense of belonging and therefore there are higher chances of feeling motivated. This should be done frequently new employees joining the organization in order to ensure that the entire workforce is well motivated. It is upon the management to build a conducive and welcoming atmosphere within the organization in a bid to motivate the workforce. A good working environment motivates employees and there are hardly any cases of absenteeism. This is because a conducive atmosphere in work places makes employees feel important and comfortable. It is extremely easy to handle all forms of work related challenges when employees are in a comfortable environment. The management should ensure that employees feel comfortable to approach them with all questions regarding work. For instance, the

The Roles of Amino Acid R-groups in the Structures and Functions of Research Paper

The Roles of Amino Acid R-groups in the Structures and Functions of Transmembrane Ion Channels - Research Paper Example The figure above shows the unionized form of a group of amino acid called alpha (Elsevier 19). The R represents an organic substituent or a side-chain, which is specific to each of the amino acid. There is a carbon atom called ?–carbon attached next to a group called carboxyl. Ion channels refer to the proteins that form pores which help to establish the small changes in voltage in cells plasma membrane, flowing down with the varying electrochemical change. Transmembrane potential refers to electrical potential difference in a biological cell’s interior part and exterior. This potential arises from the interaction between action of proteins containing transmembrane embedded inside it and the membrane itself. The proteins get pushed to cause change in concentration by use of ion transporter or pump. Materials and methods In order to study the ion channels, voltage clamp particularly patch clamp and RT-PCR scientific based technique used. Experimentally, ion channels cata lyze the process of diffusion across membranes, and this recorded as electrical currents in units known as Pico amperes. Other methods used in this study include Partitioning methods, which commonly can be used to evaluate hydrophobicity of amino acid, surface area and chromatography method. Results Two levels of current which correspond to the open and closed state. The transition in the two conditions observed to be extremely fat to a measurement recorded of millisecond. From one level to the other, rectangular jumps produced between the two levels. The current indicated by the amplitude of the jumps. Channels show rates of ion flux up to 106 ions/sec. Channels only open in a few seconds but during this time ions flowing through the pore register thousands (Davies 255). Discussion The structural parts of proteins comprise of amino acids in chains. They normally appear linked together in different sequences forming various types of proteins. Standard group of these amino acids comp rise of twenty of each amino group into polypeptides. This natural made process. A group of nine of these amino acids called essential in human beings because their creation not normally dependent on creation by man but must be taken as food. The amino acids prove to act as a substitute from nutrition fertilizers, and commonly applicable in food technology, in many industries. They have industrial applications as catalysts during production of plastics, which can be biodegraded. In the study of ion channels, their function include making possible the ions diffusion across membranes, which have biological nature. A bioelectric barrier built between the molecules, which have charges or hydrophilic, also called electrical insulators. The ion routes supply hydrophilic or high conductivity pathways in the interior of the hydrophobic. The pore structure catalyzes the transportation of molecules with charges across a medium with low dielectric. The channel of this site catalyzed normally r emains to be open or closed. Where the ion shows to be associated tightly with the catalyzed site, the confrontation of open channel shows the enzyme-substrate state. This confrontation state arising between the open state and the closed compared to opening and closing of a gate hence referred to as

Building a Fire to Fight Nature Essay Example for Free

Building a Fire to Fight Nature Essay Jack Londons title for the story To Build a Fire starts the reader off with a very basic idea; building a fire. Almost anyone can build a fire. All it takes is a match and some kindling. Londons story is about more then building a fire, though. This story is about a mans belief in himself, self-confidence and even arrogance, to such an extent that he doesnt recognize the power of nature around him. Londons story is more like a Man against Nature story. Londons To Build a Fire casts a clear image that in the ever long-lasting battle between man and nature, nature is not a force that should be reckoned with. The authors characters are even very general. The main character of the story is never given a name except to be called a chechaqua or newcomer in the land. The constant struggle of Man against the natural world and physical forces which threaten to undo him at any moment is expressed greatly by this story.(Colin) This is not a story about one individual person or one isolated incident, but a story used to illustrate a larger continuous gamble or battle between man and nature. London spends the first few paragraphs setting the physical scene. The setting is in Alaska along the Yukon River. It is close to the end of winter but the sun is still not yet in the sky. It is mentioned that this does not bother the man. The rest of the setting is described around the man and the places he has passed on this current journey and where else the trail leads in other directions. The description of the scenery is one of the most intriguing aspects of this story. London had a way of almost making the reader feel cold for the man in the story just by his descriptions of the surrounding territory. The Yukon lay a mile wide and hidden under three feet of ice. On top of this ice was as many feet of snow. It was all pure white, rolling in gentle undulations where the ice jams of the freeze-up had formed. North and south as far as his eye could see, it was unbroken white..(Charters, 910) The scene is set as beautiful, peaceful and cold. The harshness of this physical setting begins to become more and more clear as the story  progresses. Later the man notices that his spit is cracking and freezing before it reaches the ground. He remembers that at fifty degrees below zero spit will freeze when it hits the ground. Undoubtedly it was colder than fifty below.(911) This also means that there is at least 107 degrees of frost if it is truly 75 degrees below freezing. To increase the readers awareness of the cold, London describes how the mans breath is freezing on his whiskers and beard, the man is also chewing tobacco and with the temperature as cold as it is his cheeks and lips are numb and his spit tends to just end up on his beard and freezes in seconds. This man must be out of his mind to be out in the wilderness in these extreme climate conditions. Seeing a man that oblivious to the dangers of traveling alone in colder than fifty below weather, walking on ice, and making a fire under a snow covered tree should be enough to substantiate that he was not unlucky but just plain stupid!(Wilson) The man starts to grow this crystal beard of the color and solidity of amber.(912) The surroundings are beautiful, peaceful and cold but the man did not see the danger that nature could bring upon him. That it was too cold out to travel or that it could get worse was a thought that never entered his head.(912) The man had a native of the land with him. At the mans heels trotted a dog.(911) No name is ever given to the dog in the story. Another way for London to keep the story general and the focus on the theme. The dog is a big, native Husky, a brother to the wild wolf it had the instincts to respect nature. The dog knew the temperature was too cold to be traveling but stayed at the mans heels. The dog plays a dual role in this story. He plays the mans conscience and natures voice and personification. Often a dog can reflect the same personality and character traits as its owner. Dogs are extremely intelligent creatures and will reflect and behavior that they are exposed to for lengthy periods of time.(Feinson, 127) The man treats the dog the same way he treats nature; with no respect. The dog is just a tool, a sled dog and later considered expendable to possibly save the mans life. The man treats nature much the same way. The dog also shows at  the end how nature moves on. The dog stays to watch the man as he dies and once the dog realizes the man is dead he runs off to the cabin where there are other food providers and fire providers(921) The protagonist in the story is the unnamed man. Hes a newcomer to this area of Alaska and it his first winter. He is on his way to a cabin at a claim where he will meet up with the boys. London refers to him as a man without imagination but, quick and alert in the things of life.(910) It is this lack of imagination that makes the man unable to believe or heed the warnings of the veteran Alaskan men who told him not to travel alone when it is fifty below. One needs to have a second person to try and start a fire if the first person should fail. But, the man in the story is over confident. He stops once and makes a fire without a problem to thaw his face so he can eat his lunch. The man doesnt notice how much the dog wants to stay at the fire. He doesnt respect the instincts of the native animal. The trail follows along a creek, which is frozen but has natural springs along it that create small pools of water with thin ice and coatings of snow to cover them up. The man almost prides himself on how well he can spot these warning signs of possible danger. He also is increasingly happy with the pace he is keeping. The man soon falls into one of natures little traps, a small pool of water, and has only a few minutes to build a fire and get warm and dry before he freezes to death. He tries to stay as calm as possible but in his haste doesnt pick a good spot to build a fire. He realizes too late when the heat from the fire he has just built starts to melt the snow in the tree branches above him and drops down smothering the fire. A man alone in the wilderness coupled with stupidity is a deadly combination. To deal with nature takes skill and know-how, this man seems to have neither, he was doomed from the moment he went off alone.(website) When it is 75 degrees below freezing one person doesnt have a second chance to build a fire. The temperature is just too cold and exposed parts of the body will start to freeze. The man still believes in his strength to overcome the power of nature and continues to try and build a fire. He doesnt succeed and at the end accepts his fate and falls asleep thinking about the next day when the boys would find him. The  story is an illustration of what can happen to a person that doesnt respect nature and its power. This is the story of a mans struggle against nature, trying to survive against impossible odds in a universe indifferent to an individuals fate.(909) The man was so confident in himself that he traveled with nothing but his lunch and a few matches and birch bark to start a fire. He has also been warned not to travel alone in such cold, but he goes anyway, with only his dog and confidence for a companion.(Synopsis, 220) He has no company, or supplies for the possibility he may confront some type of danger. Whether the danger be with another animal or with his surroundings. The short version of the story was originally published in the Boy Scouts of America Handbook. Any Boy Scout might remember the story form when they were a kid and the lessons that were taught from it when they were younger. They were taught to respect nature for what it is, what it can do, and of course, to always be prepared. If you arent, nature will take its toll, and what a deadly toll it can be.

The Quantum Brain: Theory or Myth? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The Quantum Brain: Theory or Myth? The study of neurobiology has long involved the actions and interactions among neurons and their synapses. Changes in concentrations of various ions carry impulses to and from the central nervous system and are responsible for all the information processed by the nervous system as a whole. This has been the prominent theory for many years, but, now, there is a new one to be reckoned with; the Quantum Brain Theory (QBT). Like many new theories, the QBT has merits and flaws. Many people are wholeheartedly sold on it; however, this vigor might be uncalled for. Nevertheless, this could prove to be a valid and surprisingly accurate theory of brain function. One of the most convincing arguments of the QBT is its explanation of how reality is conceived by the brain. Classically, reality should always be changing, even by the slightest notion, and the brain should be aware of these changes as they occur. According to quantum mechanics, this would be impossible; there is no time during which something is changing. Therefore, the brain cannot be in a state of change, it must be in one state or another, there is no in between. The QBT states that our brain takes in reality one moment at a time, it is never in a state where it is observing something change. It observes reality before the change and then after the change and then fuses these two images together in order to make sense of them. One question about the QBT comes when reality itself is considered; "why can't reality be a quantum system?" Well, there are a few explanations. One is that quantum systems are usually very small. Quantum mechanics cannot be used to explain the universe as a whole in all venues, however, can explain the movements of an electron, or the actions of a black hole. Another reason why reality cannot be explained by quantum mechanics is that quantum mechanics call for a holistic interpretation of the system. Reality, then, is much too large for all of it to be encompassed in one interpretation. Non-locality, another feature of quantum mechanics, prevents reality from being explained by quantum mechanics. Non-locality means that distance is not an issue in the effects of one part of a system on another. For example, curtains might not be blowing because your window is open and there is a wind, they might be blowing because somewhere in Russia, a woman is beating her rugs. The Quantum Brain: Theory or Myth? :: Biology Essays Research Papers The Quantum Brain: Theory or Myth? The study of neurobiology has long involved the actions and interactions among neurons and their synapses. Changes in concentrations of various ions carry impulses to and from the central nervous system and are responsible for all the information processed by the nervous system as a whole. This has been the prominent theory for many years, but, now, there is a new one to be reckoned with; the Quantum Brain Theory (QBT). Like many new theories, the QBT has merits and flaws. Many people are wholeheartedly sold on it; however, this vigor might be uncalled for. Nevertheless, this could prove to be a valid and surprisingly accurate theory of brain function. One of the most convincing arguments of the QBT is its explanation of how reality is conceived by the brain. Classically, reality should always be changing, even by the slightest notion, and the brain should be aware of these changes as they occur. According to quantum mechanics, this would be impossible; there is no time during which something is changing. Therefore, the brain cannot be in a state of change, it must be in one state or another, there is no in between. The QBT states that our brain takes in reality one moment at a time, it is never in a state where it is observing something change. It observes reality before the change and then after the change and then fuses these two images together in order to make sense of them. One question about the QBT comes when reality itself is considered; "why can't reality be a quantum system?" Well, there are a few explanations. One is that quantum systems are usually very small. Quantum mechanics cannot be used to explain the universe as a whole in all venues, however, can explain the movements of an electron, or the actions of a black hole. Another reason why reality cannot be explained by quantum mechanics is that quantum mechanics call for a holistic interpretation of the system. Reality, then, is much too large for all of it to be encompassed in one interpretation. Non-locality, another feature of quantum mechanics, prevents reality from being explained by quantum mechanics. Non-locality means that distance is not an issue in the effects of one part of a system on another. For example, curtains might not be blowing because your window is open and there is a wind, they might be blowing because somewhere in Russia, a woman is beating her rugs.

Research methods in early childhood

In this article, it discusses the importance of literacy for kindergartners as portion of ‘school preparedness ‘ readying and the bilingual literacy in Singapore Primary School instruction system. The word ‘literacy ‘ frequently brings to mind â€Å" reading and composing † , but preschool literacy includes much more. Reading is a cardinal accomplishment that can be acquired with the careful planning and direction of skilled instructors. The usage of reading schemes coupled with other lending factors to assist a kid to read.debutLiteracy for PreschoolerThe word ‘literacy ‘ frequently brings to mind â€Å" reading and composing † , but preschool literacy includes much more. In the 2008, Ministry of Education ( MOE ) , Singapore launched the Kindergarten Curriculum Guide ( KCG ) . The KCG is meant to steer preschool instructors in fostering early scholars so that a steadfast foundation can be built to run into the academic demand of the instruction system in Singapore. Under the model, Language and Literacy is one of the chief key cognition and accomplishments to get by all who have graduated from any MOE licensed Kindergarten. The chief strands of linguistic communication and literacy are viz. : speech production, listening, reading and composing.School Readiness in SingaporeSingapore, observing its 45 independent old ages, is a little multicultural state that lacks natural resources. However, it thrives good by the hardworking and resilient citizen together with the inflow of one million foreign endowments and workers to hike its economic system. The so first Prime Minister of Singapore, Mr. Lee Kuan Yew, was the drive force behind to stress the importance of instruction, forcing through the authorization for bilingual literacy with English being the first linguistic communication and a female parent lingua ( Chinese, Malay and Tamil ) being the 2nd linguistic communication in the instruction system. In recent old ages, there has being an increasing accent in ‘school preparedness ‘ which is to fix immature kids for the compulsory primary instruction ( Kirkland, E.S. , 2002 ) . As shown by assorted research consequences, early literacy is the cardinal constituent to accomplish that. The term ‘bilingual ‘ literacy is to depict a individual holding the ability to talk, listen, read and compose in two linguistic communications. In fact, there is an outlook that when a kid turns seven, he is to be comparatively bilingual by being able to grok and utilize English as the first linguistic communication and Mother Tongue ( Chinese, Malay or Tamil ) as the 2nd linguistic communication. William and Lundstrom ( 2007 ) emphasized the demand for careful planning and direction by trained and skilled instructors in order for a kid to emerge as confident talker, hearer, reader and author.Research Question utilizing instance survey attackThe research inquiry for this instan ce survey is â€Å" How is bilingual reading promoted in school for the 4-6 old ages old? † Since 75 % of Singapore ‘s population are Chinese ( Statistics Singapore, 2009 ) , the two linguistic communications for this survey shall be the English and Chinese. The topics in this instance survey are 13 4-6 old ages old kids from the baby's room and kindergarten categories go toing a child care Centre in Singapore taught by three instructors. They are the Chinese Teacher who uses vocals, rimes and word games to learn Chinese linguistic communication ; the English Teacher who uses Thematic Approach to carry on her lesson and the Enrichment Teacher who uses flash cards, phonics and word games to learn reading in English. The end of this instance survey is to uncover how preschool instructors in Singapore facilitate bilingual reading in the linguistic communication and literacy development of immature kids to fix them for their following phase of larning. ‘Despite the unfavorable judgment of instance surveies, it is noted that the chief characteristic of instance survey is really utile and effectual to research and look into real-life context between instructors and kids. By utilizing interview and observation, research workers will be able to hear the ‘voices ‘ of instructors and kids when roll uping informations and findings for the intent of this research survey. As described by Johnson and Onwuegbuzie ( 2004 ) , both quantitative and qualitative informations will be collected to triangulate the consequences in the assorted research methods ‘ ( Ng, E. 2010 ) .literature reappraisalReadingReading under linguistic communication and literacy accomplishments is farther sub-divid ed into assorted constituents such as Book and Print Awareness ; Phonological and Phonemic Awareness ; Word Recognition and Comprehension. The KCG lists a ‘set of cardinal cognition, accomplishments and temperaments purposes to steer pre-school instructors in developing an appropriate course of study that would back up and advance kids ‘s acquisition and development ‘ ( MOE, 2008 ) . This list is meant to steer instructors to supply chances for kids to get the stated cognition, accomplishments and temperaments. For illustration, under reading strand, word acknowledgment is non expected of nursery kids, nevertheless, by the clip the kid is 5 or 6-years old, it is expected that they be able to intermix sounds to read 3-letter-words, read some frequence words, read a scope of words by decrypting or by sight, and read simple sentences. Upon graduation from his kindergarten old ages, the ultimate end for a kid is to be good prepared and equipped with accomplishments to manage the course of study outlook in the primary school old ages in front.Reading is a cardinal accomplishmentIn 1998, the joint-position paper of the National Association for the Education of Young Children ( NAEYC ) and the International Reading Association ( IRA ) , reported that ‘Learning to read and compose is critical to a kid ‘s success in school and later in life ‘ . The Access Center: Bettering Results for All Students K-8 had a similar determination reported that ‘reading is a cardinal accomplishment that defines the academic success or failure of pupils ‘ . During the Emergent and Early Literacy Workshop in Bethesda ( 2000 ) , Dr. Barbara Foorman from the University of Texas, Houston Medical School, reported that '88 per centum of pupils who were hapless readers in first class were hapless readers in 4th class ‘ and '87 per centum of pupils who were good readers in first class were good readers in 4th class ‘ ( National Institute of Health, 2000, 9 ) . These surveies showed a strong co-relation between the academic success of the kid and the ability to read and compose in preschool old ages. To province it boldly – we can about foretell a kid ‘s academic success in life upon his kindergarten graduation twelvemonth. Therefore it has become indispensable and pressing to learn preschool kids to read and compose aptly, enabling them to accomplish today ‘s high criterions of literacy ( NAEYC and IRA, 1998 ) . However, it has besides being reported by experient instructors that the kids they teach today are more diverse in their backgrounds, experiences, and abilities. With this increasing diverseness among immature kids, it is progressively overpowering for instructors to be expected to bring forth a unvarying result for all.Reading is a Erudite SkillReading is a erudite accomplishment and non a biological waking up. The ability to read does non develop of course. It is the result of continual development and acquisition. As emergent reader is invariably emerging, immature kids will go through through different phases of reading accomplishments and will meet different kinds of reading troubles ( Adams and Bruck, 1993 ) . During the workshop by National Institute of Health ( 2000 ) , Nelson, N. of Western Michigan University said that instead than waiting for failure, one preventative precedence is for trained and skilled instructors to fix kids to derive good reading accomplishments with specific types of cognition in reading and composing success during the preschool old ages. The end is to read with eloquence, truth, understanding and enjoyment. IRA and NAEYC ( 1998 ) believe that early childhood instructors need to understand the developmental continuum of reading and authorship and be skilled in a assortment of schemes. They could so do instructional determinations based on their cognition, current research and appropriate outlooks to scaffold kids ‘s acquisiti on.Reading SchemesRecently, schemes for reading have received considerable attending in the professional literature nevertheless it is improbable for any teaching method or attack to be effectual on its ain. An on-going appraisal of kids ‘s cognition and accomplishments will decidedly assist instructors to be after effectual direction ( NAEYC & A ; IRA, 1998 ) . Dr. Rao of National Institute of Education in Singapore defines reading schemes as ‘how readers conceive a undertaking, how they make sense of what they read, and what they do when they do non understand ‘ . Reading schemes as listed by the National Curriculum for England ( 1999 ) are phonemic consciousness and phonics knowledge ; word Recognition and in writing cognition ; grammatical consciousness and most significantly, contextual apprehension. These schemes are meant to learn kids whole scope of reading accomplishments such as cognizing the sound and name the letters of the alphabet, link sound and miss ive forms, able to place and intermix phonemes in words, read on sight high frequence words and other familiar words, acknowledge words with common spelling forms and acknowledge specific parts of words, understand how word orders affects significance, decipher new words, work out the sense of a sentence and focal point on intending derived from the text as a whole. Thereafter, instructor could integrate word games utilizing acquired phonics cognition to do larning more merriment for kids.Phonicss KnowledgeIn the web site of the National Institute for Literacy, it states that ‘Phonics is the relationships between the letters ( characters ) of written linguistic communication and the single sounds ( phonemes ) of spoken linguistic communication. ‘ The end of phonics direction is to assist early readers to acknowledge familiar words accurately and automatically and to â€Å" decrypt † new words. Phonicss instructions need to be systematic and expressed in order to b e effectual. Weaver, C. ( 1994 ) stated some ways instructors can assist kids to develop phonics knowledge such as indicating out interesting forms of oncomings and frosts during shared reading experiences and prosecute kids in activities that reinforce their natural acquisition of the letter/sound relationships. These activities can mask as games to play in category and can be tailored and catered consequently to the assorted age groups. The end is to prosecute kids ‘s head to get phonics knowledge that lead to word acknowledgment accomplishments.Phonicss Word GamesSome illustrations of phonics word games are presenting alphabet sound, kids are to fit get downing sound of the alphabet with the images utilizing chart and cards, or to name things in the environment that begin with a peculiar alphabet. If kids are older, they can play card game similar to the game ‘Snap ‘ where they will snarl at alphabets that begin the corresponding image shown in the Centre. Anoth er illustration of a word game is the fishing game whereby kids will angle out alphabets cards attached with a paper cartridge holder, and a fishing rod with a little magnet attached to the terminal so that kids will take bends to angle the needed alphabet cards. Such games can be played by playgroup kids to angle out the alphabets requested by instructors or it could be scaffold for kindergarten kids to larn basic spelling accomplishments where they will angle out all the alphabets to spell simple words they have learnt.Reading Schemes for Chinese LanguageInterestingly, the reading schemes and word games are non restrictive in larning the English Language. It can be adapted and used by linguistic communication instructors to learn kids other linguistic communications such as the Chinese Language which has its ain set of schemes.E-learningTraditionally, Chinese Language has being taught by pure rote larning for coevalss. With the promotion in engineering, primary schools in Singapor e are undergoing transmutation to recommend learning Chinese Language in a merriment and originative manner. The advanced thought of utilizing the ‘iFlashBook ‘ , an on-line service integrating multimedia, speech acknowledgment engineering and a content-rich library to congratulate the mainstream primary school text editions. Children can electronics learn besides known as ‘elearning ‘ by pull stringsing through the lessons with words being read out to them and their voices recorded as a signifier of feedback. These ebooks are available by through annual subscription fee ( Creative Technology Ltd, Singapore ) .Hanyu PinyinReading Chinese characters with the aid of English alphabets and its phonemes are known as Hanyu Pinyin, the Romanization of the Chinese characters. Hanyu Pinyin was introduced to school about 30 old ages ago to the upper primary onwards. However, it has made a important presence in the Chinese Language course of study such that all Primary one student are merely larning Hanyu Pinyin during their first six month in school. This is to help kids in reading and be able to identify in maps for the electronics resources made available in recent old ages.Chinese Fictional characters in PictureAs ancient Chinese characters are derived from the forms and visual aspects of objects, another advanced and originative thought is to utilize images to picture its form and significance of the words. These images make larning the Chinese characters merriment and easy by merely tie ining them with the existent signifier ( Tan, R. 2004 ) . For illustration, the Chinese Character c? « read as ‘huo ‘ agencies fire has its word image drawn to look like a fire so as to stand for the significance of the word.Lending AreasIn a study done by The Access Center on the scheme to better results for all pupils K-8, research grounds had pointed to three effectual lending factors in order for any environment to better literacy. These fac tors are classroom stuffs, the function of the instructor, and schoolroom design and layout. Another of import factor beyond schoolroom environment is the function of parent ‘s engagement by being active in their kids ‘s acquisition experiences. We will further depict each of these factors presented.a ) Classroom MaterialsResearch grounds has shown that there is a demand to hold knowing choice and usage of stuffs in order to develop an environment to back up literacy accomplishments in immature kids. The usage of signifiers and maps of print aid to function as a foundation from which kids become progressively sensitive to missive forms, names, sounds and words. In the study done by Gunn, Simmons, & A ; Kammeenui, ( 1995 ) to derive apprehension in the map of print, one of the term to specify emergent literacy was the consciousness of the utilizations of print from specific ( eg. doing shopping lists, reading street marks, looking up information ) to general ( eg. geting cognition, conveying instructions, keeping relationships ) .B ) The Role of the TeacherTo back up that, instructors could incorporate phone books, bill of fare, and other written stuffs into pupil drama so that kids will be able to see the connexions between the written word and spoken linguistic communication. For pupils to hold entree to a assortment of resources, instructors are to supply many books in the schoolroom library to keep pupil ‘s involvement and expose them to assorted subjects and thoughts. Teachers could besides supply activities within the schoolroom such as linguistic communication and literacy drama, reading aloud, storybook reading, reading to dolls, composing notes to friends, doing shopping lists, and taking telephone messages. This will let kids to better reading accomplishments and experience joy and power associated with literacy. Seizing these docile minutes and supply developmentally appropriate stuffs and interactions will farther literacy developm ent ( Gunn, Simmons, & A ; Kammeenui, 1995 ) .degree Celsius ) Classroom Design and LayoutThe physical environment of the schoolroom is important for developing literacy growing in kids. Surveies suggested that physical agreement of the schoolroom can advance clip with books ( IRA & A ; NEAYC, 1998 ) such as in the library Centre to hold tonss of comfy infinites for kids to curve up and loosen up with a book ; books are to beautifully expose and be accessible to kids. By supplying marionettes, composing stuffs and listening equipments will promote kids to widen their reading experiences. Place paper, pens, pencils, crayons throughout the room to promote kids to â€Å" compose † . Finally, display kids ‘s work and images.vitamin D ) Parent-Child Mediated Learning Experience ( MLE )Russell, et.al ( 2008 ) reported a important correlativity between parent who have given the ‘affect, focal point, attending, and communicating of a feeling of competency for larning â₠¬Ëœ and their ‘children ‘s optimum public presentation ‘ . It has being noted that the parents today are more educated and intelligent. By reading widely, they have kept themselves abreast with latest engineering and find. Furthermore, most household family are now dual-income and younger twosomes are choosing for smaller household unit with merely one or two kids. This alteration in household construction is get downing to engender a different civilization in modern parents. They are more unfastened to new methodological analysiss and doctrines with the underlying purpose to supply the best for their kids as stated in the front screen of Tony Buzan ‘s â€Å" Brain Child † ( 2003 ) that says â€Å" How Smart Parents Make Smart Kids † . The new strain of parents would travel the excess stat mi to foster their kids. They view it as a wise and shrewd long-run investing in their kids ‘s instruction in order to make their fullest potency in the hereafter. Therefore another important factor that is beyond schoolrooms environment which could develop literacy in kids is the active engagement of parents in their kids ‘s development.DecisionReading is a cardinal accomplishment and is indispensable and pressing to learn preschool kids to read and compose aptly so as to accomplish today ‘s high criterions of literacy. This could be achieved by integrating reading schemes carefully planned and instructed by skilled instructors.

Homosexuality: Disorder or Innate

Is homosexuality an innate, normal sexual orientation or something one becomes through life’s trials? Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Francis Bacon, Herman Melville and Fredrick the Great all had one thing common, other than their famous personas. Every one of these men were homosexuals. In today’s society, homosexuality has grown to be labeled as a â€Å"sin† and/or something that one chooses to be rather born with.From religious leaders to medical doctors, homosexuality is thought to be a â€Å"disease† in society. Many even believe that homosexuality is a sexual orientation caused by how one was raised. I, on the other hand, believe otherwise. I believe that sexual orientation, or more specifically homosexuality, is something one is born with and not a disorder or choice. Charles Socarides, M. D. founder of NARTH (National Association for Research & Therapy of homosexuality wrote: By declaring a condition [homosexuality] a ‘non-condition,' a group of practitioners had removed it from our list of serious psychosexual disorders. The action was all the more remarkable when one considers that it involved the out-of-hand and peremptory disregard and dismissal not only of hundreds of psychiatric and psychoanalytic research papers and reports, but also of a number of other serious studies by groups of psychiatrists, psychologists, and educators over the past seventy years†¦In essence, this movement within the American Psychiatric Association has accomplished what every other society, with rare exceptions, would have trembled to tamper with–a revision of a basic code and concept of life and biology; that men and women normally mate with the opposite sex and not with each other. (Socradies) More generally, Dr. Socarides believes that for the medical world to remove homosexuality from the list of mental disorders is astounding. He believes that there is something mentally wrong with humans that prefer same sex partner s.I, on the other hand, believe sexual orientation is something one is born with, or is innate. The APA, American Psychological Association, agrees that homosexuality is not a mental disorder and has made revisions in their way of thought and practices. The APA states on its website â€Å"Psychologists, psychiatrists and other mental health professionals agree that homosexuality is not an illness, mental disorder or an emotional problem. Over 35 years of objective, well-designed scientific research has shown that homosexuality, in and [of] itself, is not associated with mental disorders or emotional or social problems.When researchers examined data about these people who were not in therapy, the idea that homosexuality was a mental illness was quickly found to be untrue† (American Psychiatric Association). Ruling out the belief, that homosexuality is not a disorder can help by not having to seek â€Å"treatment† because it is curable. However, this leads some to think that if it homosexuality isn’t due to a disorder it must be the parents who raise them that way. The opposing viewpoint generally believes that children raised by lesbian co-parents should and do seem to grow up more open to homoerotic relationships.This may be partly due to genetic and family socialization processes. Judith Stacey, Ph. D. agrees with this notion. In a 2001 article Stacey stated, â€Å"The sexual orientation of parents appears to have a unique (although not large) effect on children in the politically sensitive domain of sexuality. The evidence, while scanty and under analyzed, hints that parental sexual orientation is positively associated with the possibility that children will be more likely to attain a similar orientation-and theory and common sense also support such a view† (Stacey PhD). I disagree with Ms. Stacey.The gender identity of preadolescent children raised by lesbian mothers has been found consistently to be in line with their biological gender. None of more than 500 children studied have shown evidence of gender-identity confusion, wished to be the other gender, or consistently engaged in cross-gender behavior. No differences have been found in the toy, game, activity, dress, or friendship preferences of boys or girls who had lesbian mothers, compared with those who had heterosexual mothers. James G. Pawelski, M. D. supports my viewpoint. Using data from a national sample of adolescents, Dr.Pawelski finds â€Å"no difference on the basis of whether the parents were the same or different genders in the proportion of adolescents who reported having had sexual intercourse, nor was a difference found in the number who reported having a ‘romantic relationship' within the past 18 months† [ (Pawelski MD) ]. Agreeing with this view and observation may bring less scrutiny about same-sex couples adopting and/or raising a child. Unfortunately, it doesn’t help with the people who believe homosexuality is a result of same-sex sexual abuse. There is no universal definition of child sexual abuse. However, a central haracteristic of any abuse is the dominant position of an adult that allows him or her to force or coerce a child into sexual activity. Child sexual abuse is not solely restricted to physical contact; such abuse could include non-contact abuse, such as exposure, voyeurism, and child pornography. Timothy J. Dailey, Ph. D. , wrote that â€Å"[M]en who sexually molest boys all too often lead their victims into homosexuality and pedophilia. The evidence indicates that a high percentage of homosexuals and pedophiles were themselves sexually abused as children† [ (Dailey PhD) ]. This situation has been occurring in the Catholic Church lately.Many male priests are molesting young children, most of them being male themselves. To hold Dr. Dailey’s theory/assumption to be truth may add more controversy to this already intense situation. It also may cause people to further assume that just being raised by a male can â€Å"turn† someone gay. However, I do not agree with Dr. Dailey’s assumption and neither does the American Psychiatric Association who stated in a May 2000 website fact sheet that â€Å"[N]o specific psychosocial or family dynamic cause for homosexuality has been identified, including histories of childhood sexual abuse.Sexual abuse does not appear to be more prevalent in children who grow up to identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual, than in children who identify as heterosexual† [ (American Psychiatric Association) ]. Just because some adults who were molested as children are gay, does not mean that the molestation was the cause of the sexual orientation. As, the American Psychiatric Association found, there are no more cases of children being gay after being molested by the same-sex then the cases of children who are heterosexual. It is incorrect to assume that homosexuality is something that life situations make o ccur.This brings us to the last major â€Å"excuse† for being homosexual which arises from various religious beliefs. Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism are all religions that have negative views on homosexuality, but the one that speaks the loudest against it is Christianity, or more specifically the Catholic Church. Many Christians believe that homosexual activity is inherently sinful, irrespective of the relationship between the two persons. Many biblical passages condemn all forms of homosexual behaviors, using inclusive terms such as â€Å"sodomite† or â€Å"homosexual. â€Å". Same-sex practices are uniquely offensive to God.After all, God destroyed Sodom and its inhabitants because of their homosexual activity. All the men in the town wanted to have homosexual sex with the visiting angels. Homosexual behavior is one of a small group of behaviors that will prevent a person from attaining salvation and going to heaven. 1 Corinthians 6:9-10 says that â€Å"â € ¦ neither†¦ effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind†¦ shall inherit the kingdom of God. † Other English translators substitute the term â€Å"homosexuals† here. Christians believe and were taught to believe that homosexuality is something that is chosen; an act against God and his law.Where the Bible mentions homosexual behavior at all, it clearly condemns it. I freely grant that. The issue is precisely whether that Biblical judgment is correct. The Bible sanctioned slavery as well and nowhere attacked it as unjust. Are we prepared to argue today that slavery is biblically justified? If you are a heterosexual†¦ can you explain why you are attracted to the opposite sex? Being a heterosexual, I can say that the first thing that comes to mind when asked that question is that it is just a feeling. It is hard to explain but I just have a drive towards males.However, what if the social norm was different? What if the social norm was to be homosex ual and people were scolding you for â€Å"choosing† to be heterosexual? Do you think being heterosexual is something you just â€Å"decided† to be one day? Most, if not all, heterosexuals would answer â€Å"No, I was born straight†. Well, then why is it so hard to grasp that homosexuals are born with the drive to be homosexual innately? If we can be heterosexual at birth, why can they not be homosexual at birth? Society and Religion has branded our minds to think that homosexuality is a chosen path†¦ I disagree.I did not â€Å"choose† to be â€Å"straight†; therefore, I do not and cannot believe that homosexuals â€Å"choose† to be gay. To join my belief means that one agrees that they themselves were born with their own drive for the opposite or same sex. Homosexuality is not a â€Å"disorder†. Homosexuality is not the affect of a prior incident in life. Homosexuality is not a preference that one day someone woke up and said, à ¢â‚¬Å"Hey I feel like being different so I am going to be gay. † As funny as that sounds, it is how many heterosexuals think about homosexuality; that it was something one just chose to be one day to â€Å"rebel†, like getting a tattoo or a piercing.Society and Religion have made their own assumptions about homosexuality because it is not a norm. Today’s world is afraid of anything different. People hate change and fear it. Thus, many come up with wild stories and assumptions to explain things that are different and normally they are not good ones. Being â€Å"gay† or â€Å"lesbian† is different from what society tells us to be, but why does that mean that it is something we chose to be or just become? I was born with an attraction to the opposite-sex. Many, if not all, heterosexuals can and would claim the same thing.So why is it so hard to believe that statement if the word â€Å"homosexual† replaced â€Å"heterosexual†? Does it not make sense? Do not be afraid of difference. Do not be ignorant. Be open and accepting that some people’s sexual orientation is homosexual just as you may be open to the belief that there are people that are heterosexual.

To Study of the Law of the Constitution The WritePass Journal

To Study of the Law of the Constitution Introduction To Study of the Law of the Constitution IntroductionConclusionRelated Introduction A V Dicey described the rule of law as â€Å"one of two pillars upon which our constitution rests, the other being the sovereignty of parliament.† [1] This immediately brings emphasis to the view that ourUK constitution values the rule of law as well as considering parliamentary sovereignty as a supreme component of our Country’s constitution. The question however, lies in whether parliament has the absolute power to ‘legally legislate on any topic whatever which, in the judgment of parliament, is a fit subject for legislation,’ or conversely, a contradictory argument is much more valid. First of all, I will take Her Majesty’s words of enactment into account, which conferred that,   our present assembly of Parliament, has the authority to create legislation with the consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal. This implies Parliament has the power to â€Å"make or unmake law whatever, and no body or person is recognised by the Law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of parliament,†[2] as Dicey well defined in his rule of law theory. Evidently, this supports the basis of my argument that Parliament has the sovereignty of power to create or dismiss law and no Political MP or common man, has the capacity to do so. Furthermore, there is much to support the view that the doctrine of supremacy lies in the hands of Parliament. The courts ascribe Acts of Parliament to have legal force which â€Å"other instruments for one reason or another fall short of being an Act of Parliament.† This superlatively supports Dicey’s statement above â€Å"no power which, under the English constitution, can come into rivalry with the legislative sovereignty of parliament.’ However, in terms of rivalry the courts referred to treaties entered under prerogative powers, by-laws created by a local authority, order in council, the Scottish parliament or the Northern Ireland Assembly. Yet, it is justifiable to a very large extent, Parliament has unlimited power in the constitutional affairs of the United Kingdom. The Septennial Act (1715) which Parliament passed to â€Å"extend the life of parliament from three to seven years.† [3] Furthermore, the amendments which Parliament made through the Parliament Acts (1911) and (1949) to hold â€Å"a general election at least every five years.†[4] As well as, amending its own composition and bills as set out in the 1911 Act. These were the initial legal changes which gave rise to Parliament’s supremacy to legislate on any matter which is ‘a fit subject for legislation.’ Additionally, through the Act of Settlement (1701) and the Abdication Act (1936), Parliament made a remarkable change through the succession of the throne. The courts who have a role to interpret and apply Acts of Parliament affirmed that only Acts have legal force. Dicey’s first principle on the rule of law can be supported from above. In addition, Parliament being able to legislate retrospectively strengthens the view that ‘parliament can make or unmake any law it chooses.’ In the case Burmah Oil co v Lord Advocate (1965)[5] Parliament exercised its power to introduce another Act, the War Damages Act (1965) as the decision to overturn the House of Lords decision became crucial to prevent theUK suffering a huge financial drain, at the time of the World Wars.   This exemplifies Parliament being able to legislate with no legal limits as such. Thereby, supporting Dicey’s statement above. Now I will bear relevance to Dicey’s second principle which states â€Å"Courts are constitutionally subordinate to parliament.†Ã‚   The rationale for courts to be constitutionally lower than parliament is that Bills do not have legal force, it is Acts that do. Therefore, the stages that a bill must pass to become an Act clearly imply Parliament has greater supremacy, on the grounds, the courts cannot make law. However, they do have the authority to enforce law which has already been an Act. Moreover, the Enrolled Act rule legally permits the courts to amend legislation which parliament cannot change. The case Edinburgh and Dalkeith co V Wauchope (1842) [6]gave rise to this rule, as Wauchope set out to challenge Parliament as a result of the Private Act affecting Wauchope’s rights against the railway company. Challenge was rejected, as Parliament refused the introduction of the bill into parliament through standing orders of the House of Commons. The legislative authority of Parliament was evident in this case. On the other hand, Lord Reid in the case Madizimbamuto v Lardner Burke [1969] â€Å"it would be unconstitutional for the United Kingdom parliament to do certain things.†[7] The implication of this was clear, it would be unconstitutional for Parliament to legislate for other governments likeRhodesia. However, Parliament may do such things if it wishes to do so, as it is much evident the supreme power remains with parliament. This strongly supports Dicey’s rule of principle. On the contrary, Sir Glanville Williams (1947) argued that, â€Å"no statute can confer this power upon Parliament, for this would be to assume and Act on the very power that is to be conferred.† [8] This implicates statute cannot form sovereignty, opposing the the sovereignty parliament being able to legislate, both ‘prospectively and retrospectively, to be noted from above.’[9] Conversely, the dismissal which took place in the case Cheney V Conn (1968) due to illegal taxes, allowed Ungoed –Thomas J to proclaim â€Å"it is the law which prevails over every other form of law†[10] subsequently, ‘what the statute enacts cannot be unlawful because the statute is the law.’[11] In opposition of Dicey’s statement above, Dicey’s third rule of principle highlights certain limitations on the legislative power of Parliament. In the view that, ‘Parliament cannot bind its successors or be bound by its predecessors.’ Primarily because Parliamentary sovereignty is protected by two doctrines, express repeal and implied repeal.   Implied repeal in context for instance, states that if there were to be a conflict between two Acts, one previous and one repealed, then the rule applies that the last of two Acts passed at separate times, it is the most recent Act which must be obeyed. Therefore, Parliament must cohere to this rule. However, the key limitations which have been argued to challenge the sovereignty of parliament are the Human Rights Act [1998], Devolution ofScotlandandWales, the Treaty of Union (1707) and the European Communities Act (1972). The Human Rights Act [1998] seeks to protect human rights against legislation by later Parliaments. So it could be justified as a limitation for Parliament to pronounce a lawful decision such as ‘all blue eyed babies should be killed.’ Also, since the devolution of the UK Parliament[12], devolving powers toScotland as ruled in the Scotland Act (1998), Northern Ireland Act (1998) and Government of Wales Act (1998), this may contradict Dicey’s statement above. AsWales,Scotland andNorthern Ireland have the power to legislate on certain matters such as Education-student tuition fees; this possibly means ‘Parliament cannot legislate on any topic whatever’ unless, the powers were to be taken away, which could in theory happen. Seeing as,Westminster still holds the supreme power. Yet, the process is likely to be time consuming. Additionally, it could be reasoned that Parliament’s powers have been limited since the Treat of Union (1707) came into existence. On the basis that, the treaty of union was introduced to unite the two kingdomsEnglandandScotland, with the belief that, there was a union of equals.   Implying thatScotlandis somewhat equal toEngland. They could argue, the Treaty of Union is a higher form of law and may prevail over inconsistent Acts of Parliament. In historical context, the sovereignty of Parliament was seen in a different light as it is today. Coke CJ in the case of Bonham (1610) 8 co Rep [13] asserted that, Common Law was a higher form of law than an Act of Parliament. However, this judgment was formed when the monarch had greater legislative and judicial power than Acts of Parliament. Since 1714, there has been a reversal of constitutional affairs; consequently this justifies the power of parliament to ‘legally legislate on any topic whatever, which is a fit subject for legislation.’ Conclusion In conclusion, after evaluating all the limitations above, it would be rightly justified to say that a majority would agree that they were political rather than legal limits imposed on parliament’s sovereignty of power. Thereby, with the supported arguments above, it seems right to agree on A V Dicey’s statement above as there was greater validity.

How to Prove Your Skills On Your Resume With The SPARK Formula

How to Prove Your Skills On Your Resume With The SPARK Formula Correcting hundreds of resumes has taught me that most applicants write their resume with no specific skillset in mind. They think about the main tasks they had in a role, write them up and that’s it. The result is often a weak resume that doesn’t highlight what makes them the dream candidate for the position and firm they’re targeting. Which is really too bad, because they’re usually qualified! To short circuit this line of thinking and better structure the way applicants tell their experiences, I came up with what I like to call the SPARK formula. Spark as in ‘spark interest’ and ‘spark your resume’, yes, but more importantly spark as in:  Skill,  Problem,  Action,  Result,  Keyword.And here’s how to apply the formula:SKILL: Compose your skillset strategicallyAs you can see, ‘skill’ is the first part of the formula. This is because the first thing you do is choosing a specific skill you wish to add to your resume. Preferably one from the job description. Not a task or a process, not even an achievement or a result. A skill.There are two types of skills you can include on your resume: your transferable soft skills, which are soft skills that ‘transfer’ across industries, such as communication and leadership skills. And then there are industry-specific technical skills, which are only relevant in their industry. For example, SEO analysis is a digital marketing skill that cannot be transferred to a job, let’s say, in customer service. However, even a skilled SEO analyst needs to demonstrate strong communication skills in order to communicate his findings and recommendations to the marketing and content creation teams.So to compose your skillset strategically, you have to extract the transferable and industry-specific skills the job posting lists and match them as close as you can!PROBLEM: Identify a problem you helped solveStep two consists in defining a probl em (either yours or your previous employer’s) that is related to the skill you chose above. This should be a problem you might also encounter at the job you’re targeting, should they decide to hire you.In our SEO analysis example, the problem would be that the website doesn’t get enough traffic, for example.ACTION: Describe the action you took to solve the problem (with an action verb)So what did you do exactly to solve the problem? Be specific when describing your experience. Focus on actions you took and tools you used.To write it out, start each bullet point of what you accomplished with an action-oriented, skills-based verb. For example, ‘Launched a social media campaign and coordinated its implementation across Google+, Linkedin, Twitter, Pinterest and Facebook.’And here’s a tip: don’t use the same action verb twice throughout your resume! To make sure you have enough inspiration, check out this list of 250 action verbs (PDF).RESU LT: Quantify your results with numbersTo make your resume really stand out, you have to quantify your results as much as you can. What was the direct result of your action? What did you accomplish? Give concrete results by quantifying them with numbers.So our previous example becomes: ‘Launched a social media campaign and coordinated its implementation across Google+, Linkedin, Twitter, Pinterest and Facebook, attracting 2000+ new leads. Increased sales by 22%.’Doesn’t this sound more impressive already?KEYWORDS: Tweak your vocabulary to include relevant keywordsKeywords are descriptive words, mostly nouns, that capture hard skills acquired through education and experience and associated to specific industries. And while some keywords can apply to skills within a variety of industries – like Project Management or Customer Service – others are more sector-specific, like SEO Analysis, Lean Manufacturing or Product Design.This is important because Link edin Recruit and Applicant Tracking Software scan for these words, as do recruiters!, to select only the candidates with relevant experience. So failure to integrate appropriate keywords into the resume (and your cover letter!) can make you lose the opportunity to interview.So study the job posting carefully and make a list of the keywords in it. Employers spend a lot of time writing these postings, telling you exactly what they need. Your job is to show them that you are the closest match to their ideal applicant – and the best way of doing that is by using the same words they’re using. So feed their keywords back to them!Now it’s your turn to ‘spark’ your resume!About the author:As a co-founder at Build Your Tomorrow, Mirona Agachi enables millennial job seekers to build job applications that will open the door to their dream careers with step-by-step and word-for-word resources. Start building your own career with her popular ebook ‘10 Step s to Give Your Resume The Ultimate Upgrade’ or by following her on Twitter.

Homework Wk 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homework Wk 3 - Assignment Example a. US Treasury Bills – Although it is the most liquid short-term security it is considered as risk-free investment. This could lead to potential disadvantage for corporations’ cash management because the yields of these securities are nominal that may not be sufficient for current cash requirements. b. Ordinary Preferred Stock – It allows a company to raise capital without diluting voting rights where the investor is eligible to receive regular dividends. This is in contrast to the nature of pure equity where investor shares risk of firm. This would require regular cash outflow by the firm. c. NCDs – They allow the companies to raise capital from investors by promising returns at specified rate of interest on deposit. NCDs also allow the investor to trade security in stock markets so that investor may exit the option before maturity. But when the corporation is not able to earn regular cash as a result of which its weighted average cost of capital exceeds interest earned then NCDs may become a burden for the corporate. d. Commercial Papers – They are issued by corporations having good credit ratings and market reputation allowing them to raise capital from investors directly without any intermediary (like banks). This reduces the cost of borrowing but requires company to repay investor at own expense. From given information if the cost of carrying per phone is $26 per year and fixed order cost is $340 then carrying cost per phone is approximately 13.08 (that is, 340/26) and total carrying cost for 740 phones is approximately $9676.92 (that is, 13.08 x 740). From the above calculations it is clear that the company should increase order size as the storage cost is cheaper than cost of carry. Also, the optimal inventory policy would require the company to produce 38 phones [since, √ [2 x 740 x (340/26)] = 38.04]. JIT inventory management system allows manufacturer to eliminate